Photographic camera.



D. JAMES & W. A. PETERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

m g f 1 MW r mm M LN D. JAMES & W. A. PETERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3. I909.

Patented May 25, 1915.

a sinks-SHEET a.

D. JAMES & W. A. PETERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3. 1909.

Patented'May 25, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

D. JAMES & W. A. PETERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

' I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3, 1909. 1,141,091 Patented May 25, 1915.

v 8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

I J 1 f 715. 5 M 7% /KZQ D. JAMES & W. A. PETERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

1,141,091. I APPLICATION man mac. 3. 1909. Patented 25 1915.

8 SHEETSSHE ET 7.

D. JAMES &W. A. PETERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLl CATION FILED DEC. 3. 1909.

PatentedMay 25, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

IIIIIII/IIIIII/i ,Zgciizacises.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID JAMES, OI? OAK PARK, AND WILLIAM A. PETERS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS T0 ESSANAY FILM MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLI- NOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25, 1915.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, DAVID JAMEs, residing at Oak Park, and WILLIAM A. PETERS, residing at Chicago, both in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photographic Cameras; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has for its object to produce a portable moving picture camera particularly adapted for amature use in which films of the type ordinarily employed in kodaks are used and consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter "fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating a suitable embodiment of the invention: Figure 1 is a rear elevation of a camera constructed in accordance with the invention, the rear wall or cover being removed to disclose the mechanism. Fig. -2 is a plan section of the same on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same taken on the line 33. Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical longitudinal sections on the lines 44 and 55 respectively of Fig. -1. Fig. 6 is a detail plan view partly in section showing the mechanism employed for imparting lateral movement to the film carriage. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary detail vertical sec tional view showing the same mechanism for laterally moving the carriage in a position reversed relatively to that shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary detail view partly in section and partly in ele- I vation showing a retaining device employed. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail vertical section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 6. Fig. 10 is a fragmentary detail perspective view showing the means for holding the carriage against movement during the intervals of exposure. Fig. l1 is a detail plan view partly in section of the rotating part of the carriage actuating mechanism. Fig. 12 is a detail vertical section on the line 12-12 of Fig. 11-. Figs. 13 and .-.-1et-.are detail views in section and elevation respectively of the devices on the drive shaft forming part of the carriage detention mechanism shown in Fig. l0-. Fig. 1 5- is a detail plan view of a bifurcated pro ection on the carriage receiving the detaining devices on the drive shaft shown in Figs. 13 and -1-1-. Fig. -16 is a fragmentary detail vertical section on the line 1616 of Fig. -4-. Fig. -17 is a detail vertical section on the line l7=17 of Fig. -16. Fig. -18 is a fragmentary detail side elevation of a part of the film shifting mechanism. Fig. 19 is a detail view partly in elevation and partly in section showing the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 18. Figs. 20 and 21 are detail diagrammatic plan sections on the line 2020 of Fig. 19- showing a part of the film shifting mechanism in difi'erent positions. Figs. 22 and 23- are detail plan sections on the line 2222 of Figs. 1 and 2-1- showing the film gripping devices in different positions. Fig. 24 is a fragmentary detail view in elevation of said grippers, one of the same being partly broken away. Fig. 25 is a detail perspective view of one of the vertical shafts opening the grippers. Fig. 26 is a detail view in elevation showing the shutter employed. Fig. 27 is a detail sectional view on the line 27-27 of Fig. -3 showing the gear .train transmitting movement to the shutter. Fig. -2S is a'fragmentary detail section on the line 2828 of Fig. -26- showing the hand operated means for adjusting the shutter. Fig. -29- is a view in elevation of the .right hand side of the machine. Fig. 30 is a detailview in elevation of gears employed. Fig. 3lis a detail plan section on the line 3l31 of Fig. 30 showing the crank employed for operating the machine. Fig. 32 is a detail section on the line 3232 of Fig. -3l. Fig. 33 is a detail view in elevation of a disk employed on the crank.

The primary object of our invention is to provide a moving picture camera which is relatively small and light and in which the rolls of films ordinarily employed in kodaks and similar amateur instruments are utilized.

To attain our object we employ suitable mechanism for imparting lateral and lonaimedat simplicity and durability as well gitudinal. movement to the mm at regular intervals so as to bring a fresh area into focal relation to the lens after each move- 'ment in either direction and expose such area while the film is at rest. I In carrying out the invention we have as efficiency of all mechanism employed so as to reduce to a minimum the necessity for repairs, render the operation easy and simple so as to particularly adapt it for amateur use, and reduce to a minimum the possibilities of failure in operation either by defects or delicacy of the mechanism or the omission by the operator of performance of a requisite operation by reason of a large number of operations and the consequent complicated nature of the instructions regarding the same. In other words, the machine has been constructed with a view to the obviation of any expert knowledge on the part of the operator.

The invention consists primarily in the provision of a carriage on which the roll of film and the take-up rollare mounted providing simple and efficient means for moving the film longitudinally at. predetermined intervals, and providing mechanism for reciprocating the carriage laterally at regular intervals with intermittent movement, such lateral movement of the carriage being alternated with longitudinal movement of the film and all movement of the latter being with relation to a field of exposure or focal field with the result that zig-zag rows of relatively very small negative pictures are produced on the film. The details of the mechanism employed as well as the broad conception for effecting the desired results are included in the invention and are hereinafter fully described and claimed.

We desire to direct particular attention to the fact that the construction illustrated and described represents only what we deem to be the best means for effecting the desired result and has thus far demonstrated its efiiciency but that changes may be effected in the details of construction without departing from our invention as set forth in the appended claims.

In describing the invention'we have made no particular mention of materials used nor any methods to be employed in the manufacture of the device, believing such matter to be superfluous and proposing to employ materials and methods'best suited to the attainment of the objects of our invention.

The machine comprises a-rectangular boxlike casing l provided with suitable means of access to the interior such as latched doors or covers, description of which and their respective locations is deemed superfiuous, it being sufiicient to state that they are provided wherever required.

To the middle of the front wall of the casing 1v there is fitted a tube 2--- which is inclosed in a rectangular casing 3, said tube projecting at one end into a circular opening in said front wall. Suitably fitted and secured concentric with the tube -2 is a tube 4- equipped at one end with a lens, the frame of which is indicated at --5-. Secured to and extending rearwardly from the casing 3 is a tubular casing 6 disposed eccentric to the tubes 2 and 4- which is provided with an oblong opening -7- in its rear wall 8, said opening being disposed in horizontal (i. e. focal) alinement with the lens. A plate 9 extends parallel with the Wall 8 and is similarly provided with an oblong opening in alinement with the opening 7 and which is bordered by a flange -10 projecting rearwardly from the said plate 9 and terminating very near the plane of travel of the film -11. The said oblong opening 7- (Figs. 26, 27 28) is controlled by a rotating shutter 12 consisting of a substantially semi-circular plate 13 non-rotatably secured upon the shaft -14 j ournaled in a suitable bearing in the wall 8, and two segmental plates -15- rotatable on said shaft and overlapping the plate 13 and adapted to be moved relatively to each other to increase or decrease the Width of segmental recess in the shutter formed thereby thus increasing or decreasing the duration of exposure of a given film area'during revolutions of the said shutter in a well-known and obvious manner. A set-screw 16- disposed on the threaded reduced end of the shaft 14 serves to clamp the said segmental plates l5 rigid with the plate '13-.

The shaft 14 carries a spur pinion 17 rigid therewith and is geared by means of a train of gears l8 and --19, shaft -20 and miter gears 21. and -22 with a vertical shaft 23- so as to rotate at equal speed with the latter. Rigid with said shaft -.-23 is a forty-five degree pitch helical spur gear 24 meshing with a similar gear 25 on the horizontal shaft 26 which is geared by means of the pinion 27 and gear 28- with the hollow shaft 29- journaled in a suitable bearing in the right hand side wall of the casing and which is adapted to be connected with and rotated by the crank 30.

The film 11- is fed from a roll 31- onto the take-up roll 32-, both said rolls being revolubly mounted in rectangular casings 33 (Fig. 3), both of which are suitably mounted upon a carriage 34 reciprocally movable in suitable guides disposed upon the bottom wall of the casing The said carriage comprises the rectangular frame consisting of end pieces v35- and side pieces or rails 36 and tudinall =-87- and an intermediate rail -38. The said rails 36 and --38- are equipped with shoes 39- which are longimovable in the guides 40- mounte on the bottom wall of the casing, the said guides being provided with overhanging flanges 4lengaging the top walls of the shoes -39, the latter being thus held against movement in any direction except longitudinally relatively to the said guides. The said carriage 34 is moved at given intervals from one limit of its movement to the other and during the intervals of movement thereof the body portion of the shutter prevents the penetration of rays to the film. After each succeeding movement of the carriage it remains at rest for a short period during which the segmental recess in the shutter passes the opening 7 thus exposing the film. In the instance illustrated the carriage makes five successive equal movements in traveling from one limit of its movement to the other thus permitting six exposures to be made on the film during such travel. The film is maintained immovable relatively to the carriage during such travel but when the carriage reaches either limit of its movement and after the last exposure has been made laterally of the film the latter must be moved longitudinally relatively to the carriage in order to bring an unexposed lateral strip opposite the opening 7. While this movement of the film is effected the carriage must remain at rest and the interval of rest must continue until the first exposure of the new strip of film has been effected, that is to say, the carriage after reaching either limit of its movement must remain at said limit longenough to effect two exposures, viz., the last exposure on one strip and the first exposure on the next succeeding strip. The accomplishment of this result constitutes the very essence of the invention and the means employed for the purpose will now be fully described.

On the lower end of the shaft 23 below the helical gear 24.-- thereon are two parallel disks 42 and 43 rigid with said shaft, (Figs. 2--, 3, '6, 11 and 12). Each of said disks is provided with a pin 44 and 45- respectively adjacent its periphery, said respective pins being disposed diametrically opposite each other. Upon the upper faces of said disks 42 and 43 there are mounted disks 46 and 47 respectively concentric and rigid therewith, each of said disks being provided in the portion of its edge nearest to and in radial alinement with the pin with a recess 48-. The functions of said pins and disks will appear hereinafter.

On the end rails 35 of the carriage -34- (Fig. -2) are two parallel ears pivotally secured, said cradle being equipped with parallel end plates 51 through which and said cars 49 rivets -52 or the like are passed to eifect pivotal connection. The side rails 53 and 54 of said cradle are disposed at lower elevations than the pivotal axis of the cradle and angularly relatively to each other. Said side rails 53 and 54 are provided in their opposing edges with opposed recesses 55 spaced equidistantly from each other, the recesses 55 of the rail 53 being adapted to receive the pin 44- on the disk -42- and the recesses 55 of the rail 54 to receive the pin 45 on the disk 43-. Between each two adjacent recesses 55 of said rails 53 and 5 L the latter are provided with concave recesses 56 corresponding in radius substantially with the disks -46- and 4:7 and receiving the latter at intervals, the recesses 48 in said disks 4:6 and 47 receiving the projections 57between adjacent recesses 55 and .56 in said rails 53- and 5l. Only one of said rails 53 and -5L is at any time disposed in actuating relation to one of said disks -42 43-. In Figs. 6 and 7- the rail 53 is shown disposed in actuating relation to the disk 42 the pin 44 of the latter entering successively the recesses 55 in said rail 53- and by engagement with a wall thereof moving the cradle and thereby the carriage 34 a distance equal to the distance between centers of adjacent recesses 55. The radial distance of the pin 44 from the axis of the shaft 23 is such that said pin describes an arc during its engagement with a wall of a recess 55, the chord of which is equal in length to the distance between centers of adjacent recesses 55. The distance radially between the pin -41 and the innermost portion of the wall of the recess 48 in the disk 46 is substantially equal to the depth of the recesses 55, or more properly speaking, the V deepest point in the recess 4;8 is substantially equidistant from the axis of the shaft 23 with the plane of travel of the free ends of the projections 57, the latter being thus permitted to pass the disk 46 between the intervals of reception of the periphery of the latter into the concave recesses 56 which it snugly fits, the purpose of said disk 46 being to hold the cradle and carriage against movement between the intervals of engagement by the pin 4-1. The arrows in Fig. 6 indicate the directions of rotation of the shaft 23- and direction of travel of the cradle and carriage.

In Fig. -2- the carriage and cradle are shown disposed at the right-hand limit of their movement and the pins '-4:4 and 45- are shown in the position in which the pin 44 engages a cam surface 58 on the lower face of the rail 53 adjacent the left-hand end thereof. This is shown in detail in Fig. 9. To permit pin 44 to engage said cam surface, -58the wall of the recess 56 at the left-hand end of said rail 53 is cut back to form a recess -59 through which said pin travels before engaging said cam surface. In passing under and engaging said cam surface said pin -44 raises said rail 53 thereby throwing the same'out of the path of travel of said pin 44 and at the same time throwing the rail 54 into the path of travel of the pin "4:5. The recess 78- at the lefthand end of the rail 54.- is deepened to permit the pin 4:5t0 travel in the same, while the cradle is being tilted by the pin -4A-. It will be seen, however, that the pin 44 after leaving the last recess 55 at the left-hand end of the rail 53 must make almost a complete revolution before its engagement with said cam surface 58 and that as shown in Fig. -2 at the time said pin 44 engages said cam surface the pin -45- has already passed the left-hand recess 55 in the rail --54lso that before said pin 45 can engage the last-named recess 55 it must almost have completed a second revolution. The carriage 3 l is thus maintained at this limit of its movement exactly double the length of time that it remains at rest at intervals of travel from one limit of movement to the other. The shutter is so geared relativelyto the pins -4 and 45 asto expose the film twice during the period of rest of the carriage at each limit of the movement thereof and the mechanism for imparting longitudinal movement to the film is so timed relatively to the movements of the disks 42 and 43 as to shift the film longitudinally during the interval between the two exposures of the same while the carriage remains at either limit of its movement. The manner of accomplishing this result will more fully appear hereinafter. It will be understood, of course, that the rails 53 and 5al constitute rack-bars and are identical with each other and opposed, and that the rail 54 is provided at its right-hand end with the cam surface -58 and recess 59.

. In order to maintain the cradle in the respective positions to which it is moved by the action of the pins l-l and 4!' during its travel from one limit of its movement to the other we have provided latches 60 and -61 one of which is pivotally mounted on a bracket -62 secured to the front wall of the casing 1 and the other of which is similarly secured to a projection from which it cannot readily escape.

-63 at the free end of said bracket. Each of said latches consists of a bell-crank-lever pivoted at its elbow portion and each having one arm depending and provided adjacent its free end with a recess -6l one wall of which is slightly beveled as shown in detail at -65 in Fig. -8, the free ends of said levers being tapered below said recess to provide cam surfaces 66-. The other arms of said levers -60 and -61 project toward each other and each of the same is normally maintained in engagement with a pin -67 disposed in its path by means of a flat spring 68 bearing at its free end against the depending arm of said lever. The pins 44 and 45- are adapted when raising either of the rails --53 or 54 to throw the free edge of the latter into engaging relation to the beveled portion 65 of the lower wall of the recess -64. In so doing the said rail -53 for example, must engage the cam surface 66 at the lower end of the depending arm of the lever 60 and force the same out of its path against the action of the spring -68- and after passing said cam surface 66 and being brought into engaging relation to the beveled surface -65 the spring 68 forces the arm of the lever.,60 inwardly thereby causing the said beveled surface -65 to raise the free edge of the rail -53 so that the same enters the rear portion of said recess 64.- In order to enable said latches or levers -60-- and 61 to be disengaged from said rails 53 and 5l at the moment that the latter are to be relatively reversed as to their engaging relation to the pins 44: and 45 recesses -69 are provided in said rails -53 and 54- in which the said latches or levers 60- 61-- respectively, are received as the carriage reaches a' limit of its movement so that at such time the said cradle may be rocked to throw the previously disengaged free edge of one of its rails into engagement with one of said latches. This mechanism is very essential to obviate the possibility of accidental shifting of position of the cradle during its movement from one limit to the other.

As previously described the engagement of the periphery of the disk 4.6 with the walls of the recesses 56 serves to prevent movement of the carriage from the time that the pin 4L4 leaves one of said recesses -55 until its engagement in the next succeeding recess 55. In Fig. 6 the free space between said disk and the wall of the recess is greatly exaggerated as a snug fit must be maintained but to further assure rigidity of the carriage during the interval of exposure of the film we have provided on the shaft 26 a plurality of disks 70 spaced the same distance apart as the recesses -55- in the rails of the cradle.

more than semi-circular in shape so that its periphery extends through an arc-of about 220 degrees. On the right-hand end rail 35 of the carriage 34- there is mounted a projection 7l provided in its upper end with a recess 7Qrflared at one end as at 73. The width of the recess 72 is substantially identical with the thickness of the disks so that the latter in entering said recesses fit as snugly therein as can be done and still provide a running joint between the two parts. The said disks 70 are so disposed on said shaft 26 and with relation to the said rail 35 of the carriage that at each movement of the latter from one limit to the other the said projection 7 1- is brought into engaging relation to one of said disks 70, the latter entering the same and remaining in engagement therewith during the interval of exposure of the film. It will be noted that this interval is greater than the intervals of movement of the carriage, that is to say, the latter is in motion one-third of the time, approximately, and at rest two-thirds of the time. approximately. The flaring mouth of the recess 72 serves to enable the disks -70- to enter even though said projection 7l shall not be brought exactly into proper position. In the course of time the walls of the recesses 55 may wear and a slight variation in distance traveled by the carriage may thus occur. The flaring of the recesses 72- enables the disks -70- to correct the movement of the carriage and maintain the same exact, as will be obvious. It will be seen from the foregoing that the position of the disks 70 on the shaft 26 is such that the same are in engagement with the projections 71 during the time that the recess in the shutter is passing the opening 7, the gearing being arranged to assure this result. As previously stated the film is mounted upon the carriage 34 and is fed from a roll -31 onto a take-up roll 32 both said rolls being mounted in the rectangular casings 33. Mounted upon the end pieces -35 of said carriage are vertically disposed plates 74- extending parallel with each other and each provided adjacent its rear edge with a guide groove 75 in which flanges -75 on the end walls of the casings 3? are received, the latter being thus held against lateral movement relatively to said plates 74. In the said end walls of said casings -33 are central openings for the passage therethrough of shafts -76 and 77 respectively, the upper shaft 76- serving merely to afford a support on which the roll 32- is revoluble while said shaft 77 is rigidly connected with the roll 32 and is actuated by mechanism, which will be hereinafter described, to rotate said roll at intervals to take up film. The said shaft 77 is hollow and passes loosely through the roll or spool 32, the latter being held agalnst rotation relatively thereto by means of a pin 79-- (Figs. -16- and 17) on said shaft entering a recess in one end of the spool. The said shafts 76- and -77 pass through openings in the plates 74-- and thus serve to support the casing 33 the lower one of the latter being further rigidly secured to said plates -74 in any suitable manner.

In passing from the roll 3l to the roll 32 the film is trained between two pairs of idle rolls 80 81 and -82 83 (Fig. 3) respectively, the rolls of each pair being jourraled at their reduced ends in plates -84 and 85 respectively, secured to the said side plates 74, one roll of each pair being movable relatively to the other and maintained at one limit of its movement by means of a spring 86- and 87 respectively, in a well known manner. The said film 11 is thus engaged between the two pairs of idle rolls and is caused to move in a vertical plane in passing from the roll 31 to the roll The said film is moved longitudinally at regular intervals by means engaging the film only and having no connection or engagement with either of the rolls 31 -32 this being a very essential feature of the invention as obviating the use of complicated mechanism for compensatin for variations in diameters of the feed an take-up rolls. This mechanism comprises a pair of opposed bars 88- equipped adjacent their ends, as shown in detail in Figs. -22, 23 and Q4, with opposed friction surfaces 89 between which the film is engaged adjacent its side edges. The said bars 88 are normally maintained in engagement with the film by means of the springs 90 engaging the same and forcing them toward each other in the manner of a wire-clothes-pin. Adjacent the free ends of each bar there is provided a rectangular recess 91 the recesses of opposed bars opposing each other and receiving the square portions -92 of shafts 93, the latter when turned to the position indicated in Fig. 23 separating said bars 88 against the action of said springs 90 thus releasing said bars from engagement with the film 11. The said shafts 93 are longitudinally movable in guides 94 and 95 (Fig. 1) in which they are likewise revoluble and are maintained normally at the lower limits of their movement by means of the coiled springs -96 disposed between the guide 95- and a collar or washer 97- disposed on said shaft and resting upon the upper end of the square portion 92 of the shaft 93. Similar collars or washers 98 rest upon the shoulders 99 (Fig. -Q5) formed at the base of the square portion -92- of each shaft and serve to support said bars 88. At thelr lower ends the said shafts 93 are provided with cross-heads 100 (Figs. 18 and -19) each of which is adapted to be engaged by a pin 101 on the hub -102- of a cam -l03 to turn said shafts -93 at intervals to separate said bars -88 against the action of the said springs -90. The said cam 98 presents what may be termed a spiral cam surface 104- that is, each point in said surface -104 is disposed at a gradually increasing distance from the axis of rotation of the hollow shaft 108 on which said cam is mounted. The said surface -104- is not regular in its contour but is stepped at intervals so as to engage and raise said shafts 93 a given distance at intervals during the move ment of said cam as will. be hereinafter more particularly pointed out. The shaft 93 is raised by the cam surface 1O4L until the point of greatest radius of the latter has passed the lower end of said shaft whereupon the springs 96 force said shafts down upon the points of least radius of said cam.

0n one side of the cam adjacent the point of greatest radius thereof there is mounted a projection 105- which is adapted to engage the cross-head 100 at the end portion opposite that engaged by the pin -101 and which turns said shaft -93- in the opposite direction from that in which it is turned by said pin -101-. In Figs. 20- and -21 we have clearly shown the two positions of the shaft 93, Fig. -20 showing it turned to that limit of its movement by the pin -101 in which the bars are separated as shown in Fig. 23 and Fig. 2lshowing it turned to the other limit of its movement by the projection 105- and in which the bars engage the film as shown in Fig. --22. The last: named position of the shafts -93 is maintained during their downward stroke upon completion of which said shafts rest upon the portion of least radius of the cam. This said portion of least radius is concentric with the axis of rotation of the cam and extends through an arc of substantially sixty degrees and while the cam is traveling through this arc the pin -101 engages the cross-head --100 and turns the shaft -93 through an are slightly in excess of ninety degrees so' that the diagonally opposed corners of the square portion -92- of said shaft pass a line of dead-center perpendicular to the surners. Hence, the tendency of the pressure imparted by the springs 90- through the bars 88- upon said square portion of the shaft -93 would be to continue the direction of rotation imparted by the pin -101-. This is prevented by a pin 106- in said shaft -93 which at its free end engages the outer surface of the plate 7t,- and limits the rotation of said shaft -93 in said direction. This movement of the shaft releases the bars -88 from engagement with the film and further rotation of the cam -103- merely serves to elevate said shaft -93 and bars 88 until the projection 105 on said cam engages the cross-head -100 and returns said shaft 93 to the position shown in Figs. -21 and --22 whereby the said bars 88 again engage the film 11. It will be understood, of course, that the last-named movement of the shaft 93- is completed before the portion of greatest radius of the cam has passed the lower end of said shaft so that said bars firmly engage the film 11- before they move downwardly. The portion of greatest radius of the cam 103 is concentric with its axis of rotation through a short are sufficient to obviate possibility of vertical movement of the bars B8- during their engagement with the film and before the shafts 93 are tripped. The said shaft 93 is provided adjacent its lower end portion with a plurality of ratchet teeth 106 the lower faces of which are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. Mounted on the bracket 94: is a spring actuated pawl -107- which is adapted to engage said ratchet teeth '106 as said shaft is raised by the cam 103. The shaft 93- is raised at intervals and is supported by said pawl 107 at each succeeding higher elevation. As said shaft is turned by the engagement of the cross-head -100 with .the projection 105 the said ratchet teeth are thrown out of engaging relation to the omitted without effecting the efiiciency of operation of the device.

As previously stated, the shaft 108- is hollow and through thesame there is passed a shaft 109 provided with a key -1l0 which is longitudinally movable in a slot 111 in said shaft 105 as shown in Fig. 2-. Thesaid shaft 109 carries the spur gear 112 at one end which meshes with a smaller spur gear 1l3 on a jfshaft \113 actuated by the crank 30. 65 faces of the bars --88 engaged by said corilt is essential that the said shaft 109- should be longitudinally movable relatively to the shaft -108 and also to the carria e 34 and that the shaft 108 should be revolublc only in said carriage. Accordingly, the slot 111 in the shaft 108 is made of suflicient length to enable the shafts 108 and 109- to move longitudinally relatively to each other a distance equal to the distance traveled by the carriage from one limit of its movementto the other.

As heretofore pointed out the shaft -7 7 is hollow and is passed through the takeup spool or roll -32 with which it is maintained rigid by means of the pin 79 entering a recess in one end of said spool, as shown in Figs. l-1. and 15-. The said shaft -7'Z' receives a shaft 114 rotatable relatively thereto but held against longitudinal movement relatively to the same by means of Hanging one end of the shaft 7'Z- int the groove 115 in said shaft 11-1. The said shaft 114 is equipped between its ends with a bowed spring 116 mounted in a recess in the same and bearing upOn the inner wall of the shaft 77 thereby producing a frictional contact or clutch effect between the two shafts whereby they are held against free relative movement. On one end of the shaft 114 is a ratchet wheel 117 which is beveled on its inner corner as at 118 and is engaged by a pawl 119 pivotally mounted upon the free end of a Z-shaped bracket 120 secured to one of the side plates 7 at one end, the free leg thereof being provided with an opening into which one end of the shaft 114-- projects. The said bracket 12() is secured to the plate -7 1 by means of a screw 121- between which and the leg of said bracket through which said screw passes a compression spring 122 is interposed, the latter serving to hold said bracket yieldingly in position. In order to remove and replace the take-up roll 32 it is necessary to withdraw the shaft 77 therefrom and for this purpose it is necessary that the bracket 120 should be capable of being swung out of the path of said shaft and said ratchet -1l7. The spring controlled pivotal connection of said bracket with said plate 7 1 permits or enables it to be accomplished in an obvious manner.

Secured to one of the bars 88 at one end is a bracket l23 having a depending projection 124 to which a ratchet rack bar 125 is pivotally secured at one end. This is shown more particularly in Figs. 3- and 1, said rack bar l25 being maintained in engagement with the ratchet wheel 117 by means of a spring -126.g It will be noted that upon the downward movement of the bars -88- the said rack bar 125 will engage and rotate the ratchet wheel117 and through the frictional engagement of the shaft -114- with the hollow shaft -77 rotate the latter so as to take up on the roll 32- the amount of film which has been pulled down from the feed roll 31 by said bars 88. The pawl -119- prevents rotation of the said ratchet wheel 117- in the reverse direction and as the bars 88 are carried upwardly by the action of the cams --103- the rack bar will be carried with the same without imparting reverse rotation to the ratchet wheel 117.

All of the operating mechanism is actuated by means of the crank -3( The latter is rotatably mounted on the shafts 29 and 113 (Figs. 30-, 31- and -32) the hub of said crank being provided with a stepped opening according in diameter in its respective parts with said shafts -2Q and 113. Each of the latter is provided with an opening 127 and 128 respectively, adapted to receive pins -429- and 130 respectively, both of which are rigidly mounted in a block -131, slidably mounted on said crank 30. Said pins 129 and 130 are of different lengths so that thepin 130, which is the shorter, may be withdrawn from its engagement with the opening 128 in the shaft 113 while the pin 129- remains in engagement with the opening 127 in the shaft 113-. Thus the last-named shaft may be actuated independently of the first-named. The said block 131- is adjusted in position by means of the thumb screw 132, the threaded shank of which enters a threaded opening in said block 131 and passes through a longitudinal. slot 133 in said crank 30. A small compression spring 134 disposed in said slot 133 bears upon said screw 132 and maintains said block l3l normally at the inner limit of 'is movement whereby said pins -129 and 130 are maintained in engagement with both said shafts 29 and 113*-. Mounted in said crank 30 is a small screw -135 which is adapted to enter a recess 136 in a disk -137 disposed between the head of said screw 132 and said crank30. The said disk 137- and screw -135 serve to determine the outer limits of movement of said block 131, that is to say, when the periphery of said disk 137 engages said screw 135- the pin 130- is withdrawn from engagement with the shaft 29- but the pm 129 is still in engagement with the shaft -113. By moving the block 131 rearwardly until the screw -135- is received into the recess 136 in the disk the pin 129 Will be withdrawn from engagement with the shaft -113*- and said crank will then be freely rotatable relatively to both said shafts. The set screw 132 serves to hold the block 131- in any position to which it is moved by merely turning said screw to draw said block simultaneously in engagement with crank 30- as will be obvious. It will be noted from the foregoing that when the crank 30 engages the shaft 113" only the film feeding means 2'. e. the bars 88 and take-up roll 32 will be actuated while the shutter and the carriage shifting mechanism remains inactive. Thus, if two or more sets of pictures are displayed on a single film, the operator may, by operating the shaft 113"- feed the film down until he reaches the part that he wishes to throw on a screen in giving an exhibition. This, however, is very seldom necessary or desired, and, if desired, the operator would preferably resort to the means for feeding the film hereinafter described, as disturbance of the engagement of the crank with both shafts actuated thereby may result in confusion of the time of shift ing the film with relation to the position of the carriage.

lVhile the operation of the device will probably be fully understood from the foregoing description, a brief review of the same in which description of some minor parts of the device will be included may be of service in obtaining a fuller comprehension of the mechanism.

The machine maybe loaded in daylight in substantially the same manneras the kodak. The roll of film backed by a web of black paper is inserted into the upper casing 33 and the shaft -76 then inserted through the end plates 7l and the end walls of said casing 33- and through the hollow spool or roll 3l. The free end of the web of block paper is then passed between the upper guide rolls 80 81 thence between the bars 88 and guide rolls -*S2 83-- and said free end then passed through the slot in the take-up roll 32 which is provided as usual. All of this is best shown in Fig. 3. The said take-up roll is usually first inserted in place. The cover is then replaced on the back of the casing 1 and the paper web is then taken up on the roll 32 until the film reaches a position opposite the opening It is immaterial so far as the working mechanism is concerned whether the camera be of the fixed focus type or adjustable focus type. If the focus is adjustable it would, of course, be requisite to primarily as ertain the distance of the object to be photographed from the camera and properly adjust the position of the lens to focus the picture on the film. Any of the wellknown means for effecting such result may be resorted to and special means may be provided in this machine for easily focusing on the film. The take-up roll 32-may now be actuated either by releasing the pin 130 from engagement with the shaft 29-- and thus rotating only the shaft 118* by means of the crank 30- or the handoperated device provided for the purpose and shown in Fig. 1 may be utilized. The said handoperated device consists of a shaft 138- which is longitudinally and revolubly movable in a hearing in the right-hand side wall of the casing 1 and is provided in its inner end with a rectangular recess in which the square tapered end 139 on the shaft 77 is adapted to be received when said shaft 138 is moved inwardly into engagement with said square end. The shaft 138 is normally maintained out of engagement with the shaft 77 and is provided between its ends with two annular grooves one of which is shown at 139 in which a latch ll0 on the side wall of the casing is adapted to be received, said latch being shown in engagement with the innermost of said annular recesses and thus maintaining said shaft -138 out of engagement with the shaft 77. By rotating the shaft 77 by means of said shaft 188 the film or the web to which it is secured is taken up on the roll 132. The said webs are usually provided with some indicating mark which may be seen through an opening in the casing covered with ruby or orange glass and which indicates when the film is dis posed in focal relation to the lens. After the web has been taken up to an extent sufficient to bring the end of the film opposite the opening -7- the shaft l38 is returned to the position indicated in Fig. 3. It is, of course, essential in order to effect engagement of the shaft 138 with the shaft 77- that the carriage 34 be at the right-hand limit of its movement and it is desirable that it should be moved to this limit before inserting a fresh roll of film. lf, however, the operator should omit to so adjust the position of the carriage, the crank 30- may be operated as previously indicated to actuate the bars 88- and take-up roll 32 to primarily bring one end of the film opposite the opening 7. After the film has been so brought down the block 131- is moved inwardly until the pin 130- enters the opening 128 in the shaft 129- and by then turning the crank the cams -103 as well as the carriage shifting mechanism and shutter actuating mechanism will be set in motion.

We have previously stated that the shafts 26 and 23 rotate at equal speed so that during each revolution of the shaft 26- the shutter -12-- will make one complete revolution thus exposing the film surface at this time disposed opposite the opening -7. The shafts 29 and 113* rotate at equal speeds and the gear -28 on the shaft 29-- is of such diameter relatively to the relative diameters of the gears 27 and -112 that said shaft '-26 will make exactly six revolutions for one revolution of the shaft -l09. Thus the said shaft 23 will also make six complete revolutions for each complete revolution of said shaft -l09 and the carriage -3& will thus be moved five times during such six revolutions and will remain at rest during the sixth revolution or between the sixth and seventh. Simultaneously with the completion of the sixth revolution of said shaft the shafts 93 will be tripped and thus move the film downwardly a distance equal to the height of the opening 7, approximately.

The crank may be turned at a relatively high speed so as to cause from eight to fifteen exposures per second to be made and in order to insure relative uniformity of speed, that is to prevent any jerky movement of the crank, we provide in the bottom of the casing 1 a flywheel l4.-, which is revolubly mounted on a shaft 14:2 which carries a spur pinion 143 rigid therewith. The said pinion 143 meshes with a spur gear 144-- on the lower end of the shaft 123 and makes substantially three revolutions to one revolution of the latter.

The casing is provided with a false bottom 145 between which and the lower wall,

1i6 thereof said fly wheel is disposed, the rim of the latter being preferably rendered relatively heavy to increase its governing power, as will be obvious.

The machine is constructed and intended to receive rolls of film such as are usually employed in kodaks, such rolls being best adapted to the purpose. If it should be desired to substitute other sensitized members, such as plates, which are inflexible, the mechanism on the carriage would require modification to meet this condition. Such modification is easily within the skill of a mechanic versed in the art and illustration and description thereof is, therefore, deemed superfluous and is accordingly omitted especially as the limited area of the plate capable of exposure would of itself practically prohibit its use for the purpose.

After the film has been exposed over its entire surface it is removed and developed in the ordinary manner and a positive copy made therefrom by surface contact with a second film coated, preferably, with a lantern slide emulsion and after the latter has been developed, fixed and dried it is rolled upon a spool similar to the spool 31 and its other end engaged by a take-up roll -32. The images on this film, although positive, are still inverted so that when projected on a screen they will appear right side up, the projection being effected through the lens of the camera.

After the positive film is mounted in the machine and the lantern equipped with the condenser properly disposed behind the no open back of the machine, the take-up roll is actuated by means of the shaft -l38 to bring the first picture on film into register with the opening -7, and, if the lens (as is intended) is adjustable toward and from the plane of travel of the film, the same is then adjusted to focus the picture on the screen. The crank '30 is then operated thus bringing all pictures successively into position to be projected on the screen.

The machine is intended mainly for amateur use and parlor exhibitions and is Well adapted to afford amusement in the home.

We claim as our invention 1. In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of film carrying means movable relatively to said lens, devices on said carrying means spring actuated in one direction for engaging and moving said film in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of said carrying means, and means for actuating said carrying means, shutter and film moving devices at relatively different intervals to expose successively different film areas.

2. In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage, a sensitized member carried thereby, mechanism spring actuated and operatively engaging said sensitized member to move the same in one direction at intervals, mechanism operatively engaging said carriage to move the same at intervals in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of said sensitized member, and a single operating member adapted to simultaneously actuate all-of said mechanism and said shutter.

3. In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage adapted to carry a sensitized member, means Ior imparting intermittent motion to said carriage to reciprocate the same, means spring actuated for imparting movement to said sensitized member relatively to said carriage at intervals, and a single actuating member adapted to actuate said means and said shutter.

4. In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage adapted to carry a sensitized memher, said carriage reciprocably movable in guides, means operatively engaging said carriage for imparting intermittent movement thereto from one limit of its movement to the other, means holding said carriage against movement between the intervals of actuation thereof, means on said carriage spring actuated for imparting movement to said sensitized member in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of said carriage at intervals, and asingle operating member adapted to actuate said means and said shutter the former against the spring actuation thereof.

5. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage on which the sensitized member to be exposed is adapted to be carried, guides in which said carriage is reciprocally movable, rack-bars on said carriage, rotatable devices adapted to engage said rack-bars to impart intermittent movement to the carriage from one limit of its movement to the other, means controlling the engagement of said rotatable devices with said rack-bars to maintain only one at a time of the latter in actuating relation thereto and means on each of said rack-bars operatively engaged by its actuating device to reverse the operative relations of said respective rack-bars to the said actuating devices.

6. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage reciprocally movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed, a cradle pivotally mounted on said carriage and equipped with opposed rack-bars adapted to be varied in elevation, means operatively engaging said cradle to shift the relative positions of said rack-bars at intervals, and rotating means engaging said rack-bars one at a time in accordance with their respective relative elevations to impart movement to said carriage.

7 In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter of a carriage movable relatively to said lens, a film reel and a take-up drum on said carriage, devices on said carriage for moving the film from the reel onto the take-up drum and a single actuating member common to said shutter, said carriage and said film moving devices and adapted to actuate all of the same at diderent successive intervals to successively expose difierent .film areas.

8. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage reciprocally movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed, a cradle pivotally mounted on said carriage and equipped with opposed rack-bars adapted to be varied in elevation, means operatively engaging said cradle to shift the relative positions of said raclcbars at intervals, and rotating means engaging said rack-bars one at a time in accordance with their respective relative elevations to impart intermittent movement to said carriage in one direction.

9. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage reciprocally movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed, a cradle pivotally mounted on said carriage and equipped with opposed rackbars adapted to be varied in elevation, means operatively engaging saidcradle to shift the relative positions of said rack-bars at intervals, and rotating means engaging said rack-bars one at a time in accordance with their respective relative elevations to impart intermittent movement to said carriage in one direction and devices carried b said rotating means engaging said rac -bars to hold same against movement between the intervals of actuating thereof.

10. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed,

a cradle pivotally supported on said carriage, opposed rack-bars mounted on said carriage, rotating means disposed in actuating relation to said rack-bars and adapted to engage one at a time thereof to move said carriage alternately, from one limit to the other and means operatively engaging said cradle as said carriage reaches a limit of its travel to rockthe same, whereby one of said rack-bars is thrown out of actuating relation to said rotating means and vice versa.

11. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed, a cradle pivotally supported on said carriage, opposed rack-bars mounted on said carriage, rotating means disposed in actuating relation to said rack-bars and adapted to engage one at a time thereof to move said carriage alternately, from one limit to the other and means operatively engaging said cradle as said carriage reaches a limit of its travel to rock the same, whereby one of said rack-bars is thrown out of actuating relation to said rotating means and vice versa; and devices carried by said rotating means engaging said rack-bars to hold said carriage against movement between the intervals of actuation thereof.

12. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed, a cradle pivotally supported on said carriage, opposed rack-bars mounted on said carriage, a pair of rotatable members each carrying a pin adapted to engage said respective rack-bars to impart movement to said carriage in respectively opposite directions, and means on each rack-bar adapted to be engaged by the pin actuating the same to throw it out of actuating relation thereto, whereby the other rack-bar is thrown into actuating relation to the pin of the other member.

13. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed,

a cradle pivotally supported on said car-- riage, opposed rack-bars mounted on said carriage, a pair of rotatable members each carrying a in adapted to -respective me said carriage in respectively opposite directions, and means on each rack-bar adapted to be engaged by the pin actuating the same to throw it out of actuating relation thereto, thrown into actuating relation to the pin of the other member, and a member carried by each rotatable member adapted to engage and hold against movement the rackbar being actuated between the intervals of actuation of the same.

14. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed, a cradle pivotally supported on said carriage, opposed rack-bars mounted on said carriage, a pair of rotatable members each carrying a pin adapted to engage said respective rackbars to impart movement to said carriage in respectively opposite directions, and means on each rack-bar adapted to be engaged by the pin actuating the same to throw it out of actuating relation thereto, whereby the other rack-bar is thrown into actuating relation to the pin of the other member, said respective pins being disposed on diametrically opposite sides of the axis of rotation of said members and one thereof imparting given movement to the carriage at each revolution and said rack shifting means being actuated thereby after the final movement of the carriage to one limit of its travel and before the other of said pins engages the other rack, wherebysaid carriage is maintained at rest during a revolution of said pins between actuating revolutions thereof.

15. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter and means actuating the latter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed at intervals, two opposed rack-bars carried thereby, rotatable members each carrying a pin adapted to engage one of said rack-bars to impart a movement to said carriage during each revolution of said members, said rackbars being each adapted to be thrown into and out of operative relation to its actuating pin, a cam at one end of each rack-bar adapted to be engaged by its actuating pin during the revolution of the latter next succeeding that imparting final movement to the carriage in one direction to throw said rack-bar out of operative relation to its actuating pin, connection between said rackbars whereby when one is thrown out of actuating relation to its pin the other is thrown into actuating relation to its pin, said pins being disposed on diametrically -bars to impart movement to whereby the other rack-bar is' opposite sides of the axis of'rotation of said members and each racksbar provided at its other endjwith a'oppos'ite the cam of the other-in which its ceived, and travels .free1ydiiring-fih6fi ftmg movement of said rack-bars, wherebysaihmdtcarriage is maintained at rest at either between actuating revolutions thereof.

16. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter and means actuating the latter, of a carriage movable in guides and adapted to carry the sensitized member to be exposed at intervals,

two opposed rack-bars carried thereby, rotatablemembers each carrying a pin adapted to engage one of said rack-bars to impart a movement to said carriage during each revolution of said members, said rack-bars being each adapted to be thrown into and out of operative relation to its actuating pin, a cam at one end of each rack-bar adapted to be engaged by its actuating pin during the revolution of the latter next succeeding that imparting final movement to the carriage in one direction to throw said rack-bar out of operative relation to its actuating pin, connection between said rackbars whereby when one is thrown out of actuating relation to its pin the other is thrown into actuating relation to its pin, said pins being disposed on diametrically opposite sides of the axis of rotation of said members and each rack-bar provided at its other end with a recess opposite the cam of the other in which its actuating pin is received and travels freely during the shifting movementof said rack bars, whereby said carriage is maintained at at either limit of its travel during a complete revolution of said members betweeniactuating revolutions thereof, and devices' carriedby said rotating members and engaging, said rack-bar between the intervals of; engagement of same by said pins to holdfthem against movement.

,-pin is reof its travel during a complete revolution of said members 17. In a machine of the kind specified, the i I mg pin, a cam at one end of each rack-bar adapted to be engaged by its actuating pin during the revolution of the latter next succeeding that imparting final movement to the carriage in one direction to throw said rack-bar out of operative relation to its actuating pin, connection between said rackbars whereby when one is thrown out of actuating relation to its pin the other is thrown into actuating relation to its pin, said pins being disposed on diametrically opposite sides of the axis of rotation of said members and each rack-bar provided at its other end with a recess opposite the cam of the other in which its actuating pin is received, and travels freely during the shifting movement of said rack-bars, whereby said carriage is maintained at rest at either limit of its travel during a complete revolution of said members between actuating revolutions thereof, a shaft operatively geared to said rotatable members and extending parallel with the guides of said carriage, segmental disks on said shaft spaced from each other a distance equal to the distance traveled by the carriage during each interval of engagement of a rack-bar with its actuating pin, and a bifurcated projection on the carriage receiving and engaging successively said segmental disks between the intervals of engagement of'said racks with said pins.

18. In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter of film carrying means, devices for imparting intermittent movement thereto alternately in opposite directions, a shutter geared to said devices and exposing the film between the intervals of intermittent movement of said carrying means, means spring actuated in one direction and normally engaging the film for imparting movement to the latter relatively to said carrying means as the latter reaches the respective limits of its movement and means geared to said devices controlling the said film engaging means and actuating the same in the opposite direction during the travel of said carrying means between the limits of its movement.

19. In a device of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter of film carrying means, devices for imparting intermittent movement thereto alternately in opposite directions, a shutter geared to said devices and exposing the film between the intervals of intermittent movement of said carrying means, means spring actuated in one direction and normally engaging the film for imparting movement to the latter relatively to said carrying means as the latter reaches the respective limits of its movement and means geared to said devices controlling the engagement of said film engaging means with said film and actuating the same in the opposite direction during the travel of said carrying meais between the limits of its movement.

20. In a machine of the kind speoifiedvthe combination with the lens and shutter, bf a carriage adapted to carry the sensitized film to be exposed, means for actuating the same to impart intermittent movement thereto relatively to the the lens alternately in opposite directions, reciprocable film engaging means on said carriage, spring actuated in one direction to impart movement to said film relatively to said carriage, and mechanically actuated devices actuating said film engaging means against the action of its springs and controlling the intervals of its actuation by the latter.

21. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter. of a carriage adapted to carry the sensitized film to be exposed, means for actuating the same to impart intermittent movement thereto relatively to the lens alternately in opposite directions, reciprocable film engaging means on said carriage, normally maintained in engagement with said film and spring actuated in one direction to impart movement to said film relatively to said carriage, and mechanically actuated devices controlling the engagement of said film engaging means with said film and actuating the same in the opposite direction.

22. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, and means actuating the latter to expose film at intervals, of a carriage adapted to carry a film spool and a take-up roll, means for actuating said carriage to impart intermittent movement thereto relatively to the lens alternately in opposite directions, reciprocally movable members on said carriage adapted to engage the film at intervals to move the same longitudinally, springs engaging said members to maintain them normally at one limit of their movement, and means adapted to be actuated to move said members against the action of said springs.

23. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter. and means actuating the latter to expose film at intervals, of a carriage adapted to carry a film spool and a take-up roll, means for actuating said carriage to impart intermittent movement thereto relatively to the lens alternately in opposite directions, reciprocally movable members on said carriageadapted to engage the film at intervals to move the same longitudinally, springs engaging said members to maintain them normally at one limit of their movement, springs maintaining said members normally in engagement with said film, means for maintaining said members released from such engagement against the action of the last-named springs during their movement in one direction, and means for moving said members against the action of said firstnamed springs.

24. In a machine of the kind specified, the combination with the lens and shutter, and

means actuating the latter to expose film 

